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Plural nouns in German are unpredictable, so it's best to memorize the plural form with the singular. However, here are some rules that can help:
1. Feminine nouns usually add -n or -en. Nouns
that end in -in (such as the female equivalents of masculine nouns)
add -nen.
eine Lampe | zwei Lampen |
eine Tür | zwei Türen |
eine Studentin | zwei Studentinnen |
eine Gabel | zwei Gabeln |
2. Masculine and neuter nouns usually add -e or -er. Many masculine plural nouns ending in -e add an
umlaut as well, but neuter plural nouns ending in -e don't. Plurals
that end in -er add an umlaut when the stem vowel is a, o , u or au.
Masculine | Neuter | ||
---|---|---|---|
ein Rock | zwei Röcke | ein Heft | zwei Hefte |
ein Mann | zwei Männer | ein Buch | zwei Bücher |
3. Masculine and neuter singular nouns that end in -er either add an umlaut or change nothing at all. Many nouns with a stem
vowel of a, o, u or au add an umlaut. Masculine and neuter singular nouns that end in -el also add nothing at all (with three exceptions: Pantoffel, Stachel, Muskel).
Masculine | Neuter | ||
---|---|---|---|
ein Bruder | zwei Brüder | ein Fenster | zwei Fenster |
ein Kegel | zwei Kegel | ein Mittel | zwei Mittel |
4. Nouns that end in a vowel other than an unstressed -e and nouns of foreign
origin add -s.
ein Hobby | zwei Hobbys |
ein Hotel | zwei Hotels |
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