Learn Romance Languages Vocabulary Together - French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese Vocabulary Side-by-Side

Romance Languages Vocabulary: Personal Pronouns

Learn French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese together


return to list of categories


Click a button to hide or show that language:

Click in the first row and drag left or right to change the order of the columns.


English French Italian Catalan Spanish Portuguese
Subject Pronouns
I je io jo yo eu
you (singular, familiar) tu tu tu tú / vos tu
you (singular, formal) vous Lei vostè usted você / o senhor / a senhora
he / it (masculine) il lui ell él ele
she / it (feminine) elle lei ella ella ela
we nous / on noi nosaltres nosotros nós
you (plural, familiar) vous voi vosaltres vosotros vós
you (plural, formal) vous Loro vostès ustedes vocês / os senhores / as senhoras
they (masculine) ils loro ells ellos eles
they (feminine) elles loro elles ellas elas
 
Direct Object Pronouns
me me mi em me me
you (singular, familiar) te ti et te te
you (singular, formal) vous la el / la / ho lo / la o / a
him / it (masculine) le lo ho lo o
her / it (feminine) la la la la a
us nous ci ens nos nos
you (plural, familiar) vous vi us os vos
you (plural, formal) vous le   los / las os / as
them (masculine) les li els los os
them (feminine) les li les las as
 
Indirect Object Pronouns
me me mi em me me
you (singular, familiar) te ti et te te
you (singular, formal) vous le   le lhe
him / it (masculine) lui gli li le lhe
her / it (feminine) lui le li le lhe
us nous ci ens nos nos
you (plural, familiar) vous vi us os vos
you (plural, formal) vous Loro   les lhes
them (masc. & fem.) leur loro els les lhes
 
Stressed Pronouns / Object of prepositions  
me moi me mi mim
you (singular, familiar) toi te tu ti
you (singular, formal) vous Lei   usted você / o senhor / a senhora
him / it (masculine) lui lui ell él ele
her / it (feminine) elle lei ella ella ela
us nous noi nosaltres nosotros nos
you (plural, familiar) vous voi vosaltres vosotros vos
you (plural, formal) vous Loro   ustedes vocês / os senhores / as senhoras
them (masculine) eux loro ells ellos eles
them (feminine) elles loro elles ellas elas
 
Reflexive Pronouns
myself me mi   me me
yourself (singular, familiar) te ti   te te
yourself (singular, formal) vous si   se se
himself / herself / itself se si es se se
ourselves nous ci   nos nos
yourselves (plural, familiar) vous vi   os vos
yourselves (plural, formal) vous vi   se se
themselves (masc. & fem.) se si   se se

 

 

  1. The subject pronouns are required with verbs in French since many conjugations are pronounced the same, but they are not required in Italian, Spanish or Portuguese. In all four languages, the masculine plural is used to refer to a group of nouns of both genders (i.e. when they refers to a group of men and women.)

  2. In French, je is reduced to j' before a verb beginning with a vowel or h. In familiar language, tu is reduced to t' in the same situations.

  3. The singular formal you in French (vous) uses the conjugation identical to the plural you form, whereas in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, singular formal you uses the third person singular conjugation identical to the he / she / it form and plural formal you uses the third person plural conjugation indentical to the they form.

  4. French often uses the subject pronoun on in place of nous to mean we, they, the people, etc. but it uses the third person singular verb conjugation instead of the plural form. The corresponding stressed pronoun is soi. On is also the indefinite pronoun corresponding to one in English.

  5. Some antiquated subject pronouns in Italian that you may come across in literature include Egli instead of Lei for singular formal you; egli and ella instead of lui and lei for he and she; esso and essa instead of lui and lei for it (m / f), and esse and essi instead of loro for they (m / f) when referring to things and not people. Esso / essa / esse / essi can also be used as stressed pronouns when referring to things.

  6. The other singular familiar you in Spanish, vos, is used in several Latin America countries, but not in Spain. In some countries, vos replaces tú, and in other countries, both pronouns are used. See the article on voseo at Wikipedia for more information.

  7. The plural familiar you in Spanish (vosotros) is used in most parts of Spain, but not in Latin America, where it is replaced by ustedes.

  8. There is another subject/stressed pronoun in Spanish (ello) meaning it, with a corresponding neuter definite article lo, which changes an adjective into a noun. For example, lo útil - what is useful, lo bueno - what is good.

  9. Most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese do not use tu or vós as subject pronouns, but instead just use the third person pronouns and conjugations (você and vocês for singular and plural familiar and o senhor / a senhora and os senhores / as senhoras for singular and plural formal). Tu can be familiar in some parts of Brazil, especially in the south, with the verb conjugated in the third person singular in colloquial language, though the familiar plural is always vocês. Tu is familiar and você is semiformal in Portugal, with vós considered very formal and rarely used nowadays. European Portuguese can drop subject pronouns since the second or third person conjugation will indicate whether you is formal or familiar, but Brazilian Portuguese tends to use the pronouns to avoid ambiguity since only the third person conjugation is used. In colloquial Brazilian Portuguese, você and vocês can also be reduced to and cês.

  10. In Portuguese, a gente is often used to replace nós to mean we in familiar language, but it uses the third person singular verb conjugation instead of the plural form. A gente, of course, also means people.

  11. In both Spanish and Portuguese, the direct object pronouns for you (singular, formal) and you (plural, formal) are also divided into masculine and feminine. They are identical to the third person forms.

 


Return to top of page









If you enjoy the tutorials, then please consider buying French, Informal French, Italian, Spanish, German, Swedish, or Dutch Language Tutorials as a PDF e-book with free mp3s and free lifetime updates through Gumroad.

Buy now

If you enjoy this website, please consider sending a donation of any amount through Paypal to help support ielanguages.com. This website has existed for nearly two decades (it was created in 1997!) and the content has always been free. Thank you very much!

Donate



FluentU

FluentU offers authentic videos in French, Spanish, German, English, Chinese and Japanese. Learn from captions and translations and enjoy access to ALL languages!

Yabla

Learn Spanish, French, German, Italian, Mandarin Chinese and English with authentic videos by Yabla that include subtitles and translations.



Interlinear Books

Learn to read languages with interlinear bilingual books that include the original language and an English translation below in a smaller font.

Udemy Language Learning Courses

Hundreds of free and paid online language learning video courses at Udemy. By native speakers and experts, from Arabic to Zulu.








© Copyright 1997 - 2023 by Dr. Wagner About | Blog | Affiliate Program | Disclaimer | Privacy Policy