Learn Romance Languages Verb Conjuations Together - French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese Vocabulary Side-by-Side

Romance Languages Verbs: Conjugations of Have to / Must (devoir / dovere / deure / deber / dever)

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English	French	Italian	Catalan	Spanish	Portuguese
Infinitive: to have to / must	devoir	dovere	deure	deber	dever

Present: must, have/has to	dois	devo / debbo	dec	debo	devo
	dois	devi	deus	debes	deves
	doit	deve	deu	debe	deve
	devons	dobbiamo	devem	debemos	devemos
	devez	dovete	deveu	debéis	deveís
	doivent	devono / debbono	deuen	deben	devem

Imperfect: was/were supposed to	devais	dovevo	devia	debía	devia
	devais	dovevi	devies	debías	devias
	devait	doveva	devia	debía	devia
	devions	dovevamo	devíem	debíamos	devíamos
	deviez	dovevate	devíeu	debíais	devíeis
	devaient	dovevano	devien	debían	deviam

Preterite: had to	dus	dovei / dovetti	deguí	debí	devi
(rare in French or Italian speech)	dus	dovesti	degueres	debiste	deveste
(alternative Catalan below)	dut	dové / dovette	degué	debió	deveu
	dûmes	dovemmo	deguérem	debimos	devemos
	dûtes	doveste	deguéreu	debisteis	devestes
	durent	doverono / dovettero	degueren	debieron	deveram

Future: will have to	devrai	dovrò	deuré	deberé	deverei
	devras	dovrai	deuràs	deberás	deverás
	devra	dovrà	deurà	deberá	deverá
	devrons	dovremo	deurem	deberemos	deveremos
	devrez	dovrete	deureu	deberéis	devereis
	devront	dovranno	deuran	deberán	deverão

Conditional: should/ought to	devrais	dovrei	deuria	debería	deveria
	devrais	dovresti	deuries	deberías	deveria
	devrait	dovrebbe	deuria	debería	deveria
	devrions	dovremmo	deuríem	deberíamos	deveríamos
	devriez	dovreste	deuríeu	deberíais	deveríeis
	devraient	dovrebbero	deurien	deberían	deveriam

Present Subjunctive: must, have/has to	doive	debba	degui	deba	deva
	doives	debba	deguis	debas	devas
	doive	debba	degui	deba	deva
	devions	dobbiamo	deguem	debamos	devamos
	deviez	dobbiate	degueu	debáis	devais
	doivent	debbano	deguin	deban	devam

Imperfect Subjunctive: had to	dusse	dovessi	degués	debiera	devesse
(rare in French speech)	dusses	dovessi	deguessis	debieras	devesses
(alternative Spanish below)	dût	dovesse	degués	debiera	devesse
	dussions	dovessimo	deguéssim	debiéramos	devêssemos
	dussiez	doveste	deguéssiu	debierais	devêsseis
	dussent	dovessero	deguessin	debieran	devessem

Affirmative Imperative
Singular familiar you	dois	devi	deu	debe	deve
Singular formal you	devez	debba	degui	deba	deva
Let's...	devons	dobbiamo	deguem	debamos	devamos
Plural familiar you	devez	dovete	deveu	debed	devei
Plural formal you	devez	debbano	deguin	deban	devam

Negative Imperative
Singular familiar you	ne dois pas	non dovere	no deguessis	no debas	não devas
Singular formal you	ne devez pas	non debba	no degués	no deba	não deva
Let's not...	ne devons pas	non dobbiamo	no deguéssim	no debamos	não devamos
Plural familiar you	ne devez pas	non dovete	no deguéssiu	no debáis	não devais
Plural formal you	ne devez pas	non debbano	no deguessin	no deban	não devam

Gerund: having to Present Participle: having to	en devant devant	dovendo dovente	devent	debiendo	devendo
Past Participle: had to	dû	dovuto	degut	debido	devido

Auxiliary verb used in perfect tenses	avoir	avere	haver	haber	ter

The periphrastic past in Catalan is an alternative to the preterite. It is formed by using anar as an auxiliary verb followed by the infinitive.

vaig deure
vas deure
va deure
vam deure
vau deure
van deure

There is an alternative form of the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish, which is more similar to Portuguese. Simply replace -ra- with -se- for all conjugations:

debiera / debiese
debieras / debieses
debiera / debiese
debiéramos / debiésemos
debierais / debieseis
debieran / debiesen

The future subjunctive is only used in formal or literary Spanish, but it is easy to conjugate since it is nearly identical to the imperfect subjunctive forms. The future subjunctive in Portuguese is very common and the same endings are used for the personal infinitive (see below).

Spanish	Portuguese
debiere	dever
debieres	deveres
debiere	dever
debiéremos	devermos
debiereis	deverdes
debieren	deverem

The personal infinitive in Portuguese uses the infinitive as the stem + the endings of the future subjunctive.

dever
deveres
dever
devermos
deverdes
deverem

There is an alternative form of the past perfect in Portugueuse which only uses one word rather than an auxiliary verb + past participle. These conjugations are quite similar to the imperfect subjunctive conjugations using -ra- in Spanish. However, this simple form is only used in formal or literary Portuguese. (Note that the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish using -ra- can also be used in formal or literary language as an alternative to the compound past perfect.)

devera
deveras
devera
devêramos
devêreis
deveram