Learn Romance Languages Verb Conjuations Together - French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese Vocabulary Side-by-Side

Romance Languages Verbs: Conjugations of Have (avoir / avere / haver / haber / haver)

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Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese have two verbs meaning have in English. Catalan haver and Spanish haber are used as the auxiliary verb in perfect tenses to mean have/had (followed by the past participle), while tenir and tener are used to show possession (to have, to own, to possess). Haver and haber are also used to express there is/are (hi ha / hay) and there was/were (hi havia / había). In Portuguese, the verb haver can be used in the perfect tenses, but ter is used much more often. Haver can be used to express there is/are () and there was/were (habia), but ter is preferred (tem and tinha), especially in Brazil. Go to conjugations of tenir / tener / ter.

English French Italian Catalan Spanish Portuguese
Infinitive: to have avoir avere haver haber haver
           
Present: have, has ai ho he / haig he hei
  as hai has has hás
  a ha ha ha
  avons abbiamo hem hemos hemos
  avez avete heu habéis heis
  ont hanno han han hão
 
Imperfect: had/used to have avais avevo havia había havia
  avais avevi havies habías havias
  avait aveva havia había havia
  avions avevamo havíem habíamos havíamos
  aviez avevate havíeu habíais havíeis
  avaient avevano havien habían haviam
 
Preterite: had eus ebbi haguí hube houve
(rare in French or Italian speech) eus avesti hagueres hubiste houveste
(alternative Catalan below) eut ebbe hagué hubo houve
  eûmes avemmo haguérem hubimos houvemos
  eûtes aveste haguéreu hubisteis houvestes
  eurent ebbero hagueren hubieron houveram
           
Future: will have aurai avrò hauré habré haverei
  auras avrai hauràs habrás haverás
  aura avrà haurà habrá haverá
  aurons avremo haurem habremos haveremos
  aurez avrete haureu habréis havereis
  auront avranno hauran habrán haverão
 
Conditional: would have aurais avrei hauria habría haveria
  aurais avresti hauries habrías haverias
  aurait avrebbe hauria habría haveria
  aurions avremmo hauríem habríamos haveríamos
  auriez avreste hauríeu habríais haveríeis
  auraient avrebbero haurien habrían haveriam
 
Present Subjunctive: have, has aie abbia hagi haya haja
  aies abbia hagis hayas hajas
  ait abbia hagi haya haja
  ayons abbiamo hàgim hayamos hajamos
  ayez abbiate hàgiu hayáis hajais
  aient abbiano hagin hayan hajam
 
Imperfect Subjunctive: had eusse avessi hagués hubiera houvesse
(rare in French speech) eusses avessi haguessis hubieras houvesses
(alternative Spanish below) eût avesse hagués hubiera houvesse
  eussions avessimo haguéssim hubiéramos houvéssemos
  eussiez aveste haguéssiu hubierais houvésseis
  eussent avessero haguessin hubieran houvessem
 
Affirmative Imperative: have
Singular familiar you aie abbi   he
Singular formal you ayez abbia   haya haja
Let's... ayons abbiamo   hayamos hajamos
Plural familiar you ayez abbiate   habed havei
Plural formal you ayez abbiano   hayan hajam
 
Negative Imperative: don't have
Singular familiar you n'aie pas non avere   no hayas não hajas
Singular formal you n'ayez pas non abbia   no haya não haja
Let's not... n'ayons pas non abbiamo   no hayamos não hajamos
Plural familiar you n'ayez pas non abbiate   no hayáis não hajais
Plural formal you n'ayez pas non abbiano   no hayan não hajam
 
Gerund: having
Present Participle: having
en ayant
ayant
avendo
avente
havent habiendo havendo
Past Participle: had eu avuto hagut habido havido
           
Auxiliary verb in perfect tenses avoir avere haver haber ter

 

The periphrastic past in Catalan is an alternative to the preterite. It is formed by using anar as an auxiliary verb followed by the infinitive.

vaig haver
vas haver
va haver
vam haver
vau haver
van haver

There is an alternative form of the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish, which is more similar to Portuguese. Simply replace -ra- with -se- for all conjugations:

hubiera / hubiese
hubieras / hubieses
hubiera / hubiese
hubiéramos / hubiésemos
hubierais / hubieseis
hubieran / hubiesen

The future subjunctive is only used in formal or literary Spanish, but it is easy to conjugate since it is nearly identical to the imperfect subjunctive forms. The future subjunctive in Portuguese is very common and the same endings are used for the personal infinitive (see below).

Spanish Portuguese
hubiere houver
hubieres houveres
hubiere houver
hubiéremos houvermos
hubiereis houverdes
hubieren houverem

The personal infinitive in Portuguese uses the infinitive as the stem + the endings of the future subjunctive.

haver
haveres
haver
havermos
haverdes
haverem

There is an alternative form of the past perfect in Portugueuse which only uses one word rather than an auxiliary verb + past participle. These conjugations are quite similar to the imperfect subjunctive conjugations using -ra- in Spanish. However, this simple form is only used in formal or literary Portuguese. (Note that the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish using -ra- can also be used in formal or literary language as an alternative to the compound past perfect.)

houvera
houveras
houvera
houvéramos
houvéreis
houveram

 


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