Learn Romance Languages Verb Conjuations Together - French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese Vocabulary Side-by-Side

Romance Languages Verbs: Conjugations of Be (être / stare / estar / estar / estar)

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Catalan, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese have two verbs meaning be in English. Go to conjugations of essere and ser.

English	French	Italian	Catalan	Spanish	Portuguese
Infinitive: to be	être	stare	estar	estar	estar

Present: am, is, are	suis	sto	estic	estoy	estou
	es	stai	estàs	estás	estás
	est	sta	està	está	está
	sommes	stiamo	estem	estamos	estamos
	êtes	state	esteu	estáis	estais
	sont	stanno	estan	están	estão

Imperfect: was, were/used to	étais	stavo	estava	estaba	estava
	étais	stavi	estaves	estabas	estavas
	était	stava	estava	estaba	estava
	étions	stavamo	estàvem	estábamos	estávamos
	étiez	stavate	estàveu	estabais	estáveis
	étaient	stavano	estaven	estaban	estavam

Preterite: was, were	fus	stetti	estiguí	estuve	estive
(rare in French or Italian speech)	fus	stesti	estigueres	estuviste	estiveste
(alternative Catalan below)	fut	stette	estigué	estuvo	esteve
	fûmes	stemmo	estiguérem	estuvimos	estivemos
	fûtes	steste	estiguéreu	estuvisteis	estivestes
	furent	stettero	estigueren	estuvieron	estiveram

Future: will be	serai	starò	estaré	estaré	estarei
	seras	starai	estaràs	estarás	estarás
	sera	starà	estarà	estará	estará
	serons	staremo	estarem	estaremos	estaremos
	serez	starete	estareu	estaréis	estareis
	seront	staranno	estaran	estarán	estarão

Conditional: would be	serais	starei	estaria	estaría	estaria
	serais	staresti	estaries	estarías	estarias
	serait	starebbe	estaria	estaría	estaria
	serions	staremmo	estaríem	estaríamos	estaríamos
	seriez	stareste	estaríeu	estaríais	estaríeis
	seraient	starebbero	estarien	estarían	estariam

Present Subjunctive: am, is, are	sois	stia	estigui	esté	esteja
	sois	stia	estiguis	estés	estejas
	soit	stia	estigui	esté	esteja
	soyons	stiamo	estiguem	estemos	estejamos
	soyez	stiate	estigueu	estéis	estejais
	soient	stiano	estiguin	estén	estejam

Imperfect Subjunctive: was, were	fusse	stessi	estigués	estuviera	estivesse
(rare in French speech)	fusses	stessi	estiguessis	estuvieras	estivesses
(alternative Spanish below)	fût	stesse	estigués	estuviera	estivesse
	fussions	stessimo	estiguéssim	estuviéramos	estivéssemos
	fussiez	steste	estiguéssiu	estuvierais	estivésseis
	fussent	stessero	estiguessin	estuvieran	estivessem

Affirmative Imperative: be
Singular Familiar	sois	sta' ; stia	estigues	está	está
Singular Formal	soyez	stia	estigui	esté	esteja
Let's...	soyons	stiamo	estiguem	estemos	estejamos
Plural familiar you	soyez	state	estigueu	estad	estai
Plural formal you	soyez	stiano	estiguin	estén	estejam

Negative Imperative: don't be
Singular familiar you	ne sois pas	non stare	no estiguis	no estés	não estejas
Singular formal you	ne soyez pas	non stia	no estigui	no esté	não esteja
Let's not...	ne soyons pas	non stiamo	no estiguem	no estemos	não estejamos
Plural Familiar	ne soyez pas	non state	no estigueu	no estéis	não estejais
Plural Formal	ne soyez pas	non stiano	no estiguin	no estén	não estejam

Gerund: being Present Participle: being	en étant étant	stando stante	estant	estando	estando
Past Participle: been	été	stato	estat	estado	estado

Auxiliary verb in perfect tenses	avoir	essere	haver	haber	ter

The periphrastic past in Catalan is an alternative to the preterite. It is formed by using anar as an auxiliary verb followed by the infinitive.

vaig estar
vas estar
va estar
vam estar
vau estar
van estar

There is an alternative form of the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish, which is more similar to Portuguese. Simply replace -ra- with -se- for all conjugations:

estuviera / estuviese
estuvieras / estuvieses
estuviera / estuviese
estuviéramos / estuviésemos
estuvierais / estuvieseis
estuvieran / estuviesen

The future subjunctive is only used in formal or literary Spanish, but it is easy to conjugate since it is nearly identical to the imperfect subjunctive forms. The future subjunctive in Portuguese is very common and the same endings are used for the personal infinitive (see below).

Spanish	Portuguese
estuviere	estiver
estuvieres	estiveres
estuviere	estiver
estuviéremos	estivermos
estuviereis	estiverdes
estuvieren	estiverem

The personal infinitive in Portuguese uses the infinitive as the stem + the endings of the future subjunctive.

estar
estares
estar
estarmos
estardes
estarem

There is an alternative form of the past perfect in Portugueuse which only uses one word rather than an auxiliary verb + past participle. These conjugations are quite similar to the imperfect subjunctive conjugations using -ra- in Spanish. However, this simple form is only used in formal or literary Portuguese. (Note that the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish using -ra- can also be used in formal or literary language as an alternative to the compound past perfect.)

estivera
estiveras
estivera
estivéramos
estivéreis
estiveram