Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese have two verbs meaning be in English. Go to conjugations of stare and estar.
English | French | Italian | Spanish | Portuguese |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive: to be | être | essere | ser | ser |
Present: am, is, are | suis | sono | soy | sou |
es | sei | eres | és | |
est | è | es | é | |
sommes | siamo | somos | somos | |
êtes | siete | sois | sois | |
sont | sono | son | são | |
Imperfect: was, were / used to be | étais | ero | era | era |
étais | eri | eras | eras | |
était | era | era | era | |
étions | eravamo | éramos | éramos | |
étiez | eravate | erais | éreis | |
étaient | erano | eran | eram | |
Preterite / Simple Past: was, were | fus | fui | fui | fui |
(rare in French or Italian speech) | fus | fosti | fuiste | foste |
fut | fu | fue | foi | |
fûmes | fummo | fuimos | fomos | |
fûtes | foste | fuisteis | fostes | |
furent | furono | fueron | foram | |
Future: will be | serai | sarò | seré | serei |
seras | sarai | serás | serás | |
sera | sarà | será | será | |
serons | saremo | seremos | seremos | |
serez | sarete | seréis | sereis | |
seront | saranno | serán | serão | |
Conditional: would be | serais | sarei | sería | seria |
serais | saresti | serías | serias | |
serait | sarebbe | sería | seria | |
serions | saremmo | seríamos | seríamos | |
seriez | sareste | serías | seríeis | |
seraient | sarebbero | serían | seriam | |
Present Subjunctive: am, is, are | sois | sia | sea | seja |
sois | sia | seas | sejas | |
soit | sia | sea | seja | |
soyons | siamo | seamos | sejamos | |
soyez | siate | seáis | sejais | |
soient | siano | sean | sejam | |
Imperfect Subjunctive: was, were | fusse | fossi | fuera | fosse |
(rare in French speech) | fusses | fossi | fueras | fosses |
(alternative Spanish below) | fût | fosse | fuera | fosse |
fussions | fossimo | fuéramos | fôssemos | |
fussiez | foste | fuerais | fôsseis | |
fussent | fossero | fueran | fossem | |
Future Subjunctive: will be | fuere | for | ||
(rare in Spanish speech) | fueres | fores | ||
(no French or Italian) | fuere | for | ||
fuéremos | formos | |||
fuereis | fordes | |||
fueren | forem | |||
Affirmative Imperative: be | ||||
Singular Familiar | sois | sii | sé | sê |
Singular Formal | soyez | sia | sea | seja |
Let's... | soyons | siamo | seamos | sejamos |
Plural familiar you | soyez | siate | sed | sede |
Plural formal you | soyez | siano | sean | sejam |
Negative Imperative: don't be | ||||
Singular familiar you | ne sois pas | non essere | no seas | não sejas |
Singular formal you | ne soyez pas | non sia | no sea | não seja |
Let's not... | ne soyons pas | non siamo | no seamos | não sejamos |
Plural Familiar | ne soyez pas | non siate | no seáis | não sejais |
Plural Formal | ne soyez pas | non siano | no sean | não sejam |
Gerund: being | étant | essendo | siendo | sendo |
Present Participle: being | étant | essente | siendo | sendo |
Past Participle: been | été | stato | sido | sido |
Auxiliary verb in perfect tenses | avoir | essere | haber | ter |
There is an alternative form of the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish, which is more similar to Portuguese. Simply replace -ra- with -se- for all conjugations:
fuera / fuese |
fueras / fueses |
fuera / fuese |
fuéramos / fuésemos |
fuerais / fueseis |
fueran / fuesen |
There is an alternative form of the past perfect in Portugueuse which only uses one word rather than an auxiliary verb + past participle. These conjugations are quite similar to the imperfect subjunctive conjugations using -ra- in Spanish. However, this simple form is only used in formal or literary Portuguese. (Note that the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish using -ra- can also be used in formal or literary language as an alternative to the compound past perfect.)
fora |
foras |
fora |
fôramos |
fôreis |
foram |
The personal infinitive in Portuguese uses the infinitive as the stem + the endings of the future subjunctive.
ser |
seres |
ser |
sermos |
serdes |
serem |
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