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Prepositions that take the Accusative case | |
---|---|
durch | through |
gegen | against |
um | around / at |
für | for |
ohne | without |
bis | until |
Preps. that take the Dative case | |
aus | out (of), from (country, town or place) |
mit | with, by means of (transportation) |
von | from (person, open space, or direction), by |
seit | since, for |
bei | near, at, at home of or place of business |
nach | after, to (cities and countries) |
zu | to (mostly people and specifically named buildings) |
gegenüber | across from |
außer | except for, besides |
Preps. that take the Genitive case | |
während | during |
trotz | in spite of |
(an)statt | instead of |
wegen | because of |
außerhalb | outside of |
innerhalb | inside of |
Preps. that may take Acc. or Dat. (two-way) | |
an | at, to, on (vertical surfaces, denotes border or limiting area) |
auf | onto, on (horizontal surfaces), to (some public buildings) |
hinter | behind |
in | in, into, to (building, enclosed space, feminine or plural countries) |
neben | beside, next to |
über | over, above, across, about |
unter | under, below, among, beneath |
vor | in front of, before |
zwischen | between |
For the two-way prepositions: The accusative form indicates direction and movement and answers the question where to? The dative form indicates position and location and answers the question where? For example: In die Schule means to school and uses the accusative form because it is a direction. In der Schule means in school and uses the dative form because it is a location. But one exception is zu Hause - at home (dat.) and nach Hause - (to) home (acc.) Ich bin zu Hause is I am at home, and Ich gehe nach Hause is I am going home.
Accusative: movement & direction |
Dative: location & position |
---|---|
Er hängt das Bild über das Sofa. He hangs the picture over the sofa. |
Das Bild hängt über dem Sofa. The picture hangs over the sofa. |
Stell es unter den Tisch. Put it under the table. |
Es ist unter dem Tisch. It is under the table. |
Fahren Sie den Wagen hinter das Haus. Drive the car behind the house. |
Der Wagen steht hinter dem Haus. The car is behind the house. |
Stellen Sie die Flaschen vor die Tür. Put the bottles in front of the door. |
Die Flaschen stehen vor der Tür. The bottles are in front of the door. |
Stell es auf den Tisch. Put it on the table. |
Es liegt auf dem Tisch. It's lying on the table. |
Schreib es an die Tafel. Write it on the board. |
Es steht an der Tafel. It is on the board. |
Er geht in die Küche. He goes into the kitchen. |
Er ist in der Küche. He is in the kitchen. |
Stellen Sie es neben das Haus. Put it beside the house. |
Es ist neben dem Haus. It is beside the house. |
Stell die Lampe zwischen das Sofa und den Tisch. Put the lamp between the sofa and the table. |
Die Lampe steht zwischen dem Sofa und dem Tisch. The lamp is between the sofa and the table. |
Stellen, legen and setzen use the accusative case, while stehen, liegen and sitzen use the dative case.
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