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Subject |
Object |
||
I | ik ('k) | me | mij (me) |
you (singular familiar) | jij (je) | you | jou (je) |
you (singular formal) | u | you | u |
he | hij | him | hem ('m) |
she | zij (ze) | her | haar (ze) |
it | hij / het | it | het ('t) |
we | wij (we) | us | ons |
you (plural familiar) | jullie | you | jullie (je) |
you (plural formal) | u | you | u |
they | zij (ze) | them | hen (ze) / hun (ze) |
Unstressed forms (shortened forms used mostly in the spoken language) are in parentheses. There are also unstressed forms of ik ('k), hij (ie) and het ('t) but these are not written in the standard language. You will see them in informal writing, however (such as on internet forums or sometimes in film subtitles.)
Direct and indirect object pronouns are the same in Dutch, except for "them." Hen is used if it is a direct object, and hun is used if it is an indirect object. Generally, indirect objects are preceded by "to" or "from" in English, and direct objects are not preceded by any prepositions. Additionally, these object pronouns are used after prepositions.
An alternative way of showing possession without using the possessive pronouns is to use van + object pronoun. In fact, this is the only way to show possession with the jullie form, as there is no possessive pronoun for it. This construction corresponds to "of + object" and occurs often in sentences with the verb "to be." Is deze pen van jou? Is this your pen? Die schoenen zijn niet van mij. Those shoes are not mine.
If the noun is not present in the clause, then die or dat + van + object pronoun is used. Mijn huis is klein; dat van hem is erg groot. My house is small; his is very large.
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